Romanian ww1 - In Transylvania. …in World War I, the Romanians of Transylvania in late 1918 proclaimed the land united with Romania. In 1920 the Allies confirmed the union in the Treaty of Trianon. Hungary regained about two-fifths of Transylvania during World War II (Vienna Award; August 1940), but the entire region was ceded to….

 
Original Item: Only One Available. This is a rare World War One Kingdom of Romania officer kepi. It closely resembles kepi's from the French Army, in fact, .... Zillow strafford nh

1,053 killed. 2,324 wounded [1] Unknown. The Battle of Bazargic, also known as the Battle of Dobrich or the Dobrich epopee ( Bulgarian: Добричка епопея ), took place between 5 and 7 September 1916 between a joint Bulgarian–German force, consisting mainly of the Bulgarian Third Army, and a Romanian – Russian force, including a ... Romanian troops were responsible for the persecution and massacre of 260,000 Jews in Romanian-controlled territories, though half of the Jews living in Romania itself survived the war. Romania controlled the third-largest Axis army in Europe and the fourth largest Axis army in the world, only behind the three principal Axis powers of Germany ...The massive counter-attack launched by German, Austrian-Hungarian and Bulgarian troops pushed the Romanian armed forces on to the defensive. By the end of 1916, more than half of Romania, including the main city, Bucharest, was in the hands of the Central Powers. King Ferdinand, who had been regent of the Balkans since 1914, had to escape to ... Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 1914 until his death in 1927. Ferdinand was the second son of Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern, and Infanta Antónia of Portugal, daughter of Ferdinand II of Portugal and Maria II of Portugal. The Romanian campaign was part of the Balkan theatre of World War I, with Romania and Russia allied against the armies of the Central Powers. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917, across most of present-day Romania, including Transylvania, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as southern Dobruja, which is currently part of Bulgaria. Romania ...ABSTRACT. This article examines the reaction of the Romanian and Bulgarian ruling classes to the great transformations in South-East Europe in.The Hungarian–Romanian War was fought between Hungary and Romania from 13 November 1918 to 3 August 1919. The conflict had a complex background, with often contradictory motivations for the parties involved. After the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian WW1 army by the pacifist … See moreOn 27 July 2023, the United States Department of State approved a possible …Obus français 37mm avec fusée Gaba - ww1 - INERTE. + 2. ... Romanian Leu; Russian Ruble; Rwandan Franc; Salvadoran Colón; Samoan Tala; São Tomé & Príncipe Dobra (1977–2017) Saudi Riyal; Serbian Dinar; Seychellois Rupee; Sierra Leonean Leone (1964—2022) Singapore Dollar; Slovak Koruna;Nov 6, 2020 · This video covers Romania’s entry into the war. Romania Joins The War. THE GREAT WAR. After convincing The Russian Empire to agree to this, Romania finally entered the war, on the side of Russia, Great Britain, and France, by declaring war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire in August 1916. What followed were two tumultuous years, with Romania ... World War One. Romanian soldiers in uniform, on the occasion of the Romanian national holiday. Paris (Vth arrondissement), on May 23, 1917. Photograph.The Hungarian–Romanian War was fought between Hungary and Romania from 13 November 1918 to 3 August 1919. The conflict had a complex background, with often contradictory motivations for the parties involved. After the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian WW1 army by the pacifist Hungarian prime minister Count Mihály Károlyi, the ... Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for French Photo WW1 Poilu 340th infantry regiment at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Jewish communities existed in Romanian territory in the 2nd century AD, after Roman annexation of Dacia in 106 AD. During the reign of Peter the Lame (1574–1579), the Jews of Moldavia, mainly traders from Poland who were competing with locals, were taxed and ultimately expelled. [5] These are the current Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia. The same ranks and basic insignia are used in the other militarised institutions. They differ in color and branch insignia: Gendarmerie Firefighters General Inspectorate of Aviation Intelligence Service Foreign Intelligence Service Protection and Guard Service Special Telecommunications Service The colors depend on the service ...9 Nis 2018 ... ... World War I. Among his proposals were the promise of 'self ... Romanian holder of a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship in 1932: Summer [1918] ...Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for RARE WW1 Era RPPC Soldiers Smoking Cigarettes Casual Uniform Real Photo Postcard at the best online …Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for French Photo WW1 Poilu 340th infantry regiment at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Treaty of Bucharest (1918) The Treaty of Bucharest (1918) was a peace treaty between Romania and the opposing Central Powers following the stalemate reached after the campaign of 1917. This left Romania isolated after Russia's unilateral exit from World War I (see the Armistice of Focșani and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ). The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power ...Find the perfect romania in world war one stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.13 Mar 2014 ... ... Romanian photographer Acsinte, who was an army photographer during the First World War and later had a small studio in the southern Romanian ...21 February – 5 April 1907. 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt. Romanian Land Forces. Romanian Gendarmerie. Uprising peasants. Victory. Crushing of the rebellion. 10 dead and 5 wounded (military) 3,000 civilian casualties. On 27 July 2023, the United States Department of State approved a possible sale of 21 AAV-7A1 vehicles in three configurations to Romania. This sale includes M2 Browning heavy machine guns, M240 machine guns, Mk 19 grenade launchers, M36E T1 Thermal Sighting Systems, as well as other related elements and logistical support. 22 Ara 2014 ... View the Mod DB The great war, world war 1 mod for Men of War: Assault Squad image romanian officer 1916.Check out our romanian ww1 cap selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our militaria shops.The hungarian-romanian war was won by sheer momentum of the equipment and training we got from the french in ww1 versus the unorganized hungarian communist forces. In ww2 we were still suffering from chronic lack of equipment and skilled officers.The Hungarian–Romanian War was fought between Hungary and Romania from 13 November 1918 to 3 August 1919. The conflict had a complex background, with often contradictory motivations for the parties involved. After the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian WW1 army by the pacifist Hungarian prime minister Count Mihály Károlyi, the ... What happened to Romania ww1? According to the Peace of Bucharest, Romania lost land along its coast to Bulgaria, as well as control of the mouth of the Danube River, which the Central Powers commandeered. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 reversed these losses, however; it also gave Romania control of the long-desired province of Transylvania.Kingdom Romania WW1 Military Medals Orders Decorations 1st 2nd Balkan Wars 1912 1913 Romanian People's Republic Decoration Commemorative King Carol Mihai WWI 1914 1918 Great War Greece Serbia Montenegro Rumania Turkey Bulgaria WW2 WWII 1939 1945 East Front Axis Barbarossa Stalingrad Red Army Communism Patriotic Rumania Military Medals Orders Badges Decorations Insignia Army Navy Air Force ...The Romanian Air Force (RoAF) (Romanian: Forțele Aeriene Române) is the air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces. It has an air force headquarters, an operational command, five airbases and an air defense brigade. Reserve forces include one air base and three airfields. In 2022, the Romanian Air Force employed 11,700 personnel. Treaty of Bucharest (1918) The Treaty of Bucharest (1918) was a peace treaty between Romania and the opposing Central Powers following the stalemate reached after the campaign of 1917. This left Romania isolated after Russia's unilateral exit from World War I (see the Armistice of Focșani and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ).Devastated by the First World War and plunged into political controversy, Romania's every hope accompanies its queen on her mission to Paris to lobby for ...The Romanian Land Forces (Romanian: Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. Since 2007, full professionalization and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Land Forces. The Romanian Land Forces was founded on 24 November [O.S. 12 November] 1859. Led by Antonescu, Romania participated fully in the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Within days of the invasion, Romanian authorities staged a pogrom against the Jewish population in the city of Iasi, the regional capital of Moldavia. Romanian police officials shot hundreds of Jews in the courtyard of police headquarters.Original Item: Only One Available. This is a rare World War One Kingdom of Romania officer kepi. It closely resembles kepi's from the French Army, in fact, ...Browse 261 romania ww1 photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Romania Ww1 stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Romania Ww1 stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.Kingdom Romania WW1 Military Medals Orders Decorations 1st 2nd Balkan Wars 1912 1913 Romanian People's Republic Decoration Commemorative King Carol Mihai WWI 1914 1918 Great War Greece Serbia Montenegro Rumania Turkey Bulgaria WW2 WWII 1939 1945 East Front Axis Barbarossa Stalingrad Red Army Communism Patriotic Rumania Military Medals Orders Badges Decorations Insignia Army Navy Air Force ...Treaty of Bucharest, (May 7, 1918), settlement forced upon Romania after it had been defeated by the Central Powers during World War I. According to the terms of the treaty, Romania had to return southern Dobruja to Bulgaria, give Austria-Hungary control of the passes in the Carpathian Mountains, The colors of the national flag of Romania ( Romanian: Drapelul României) has a long history, though the association of the three colors only dates to the 18th century. Red, yellow and blue were found on late 16th-century royal grants of Michael the Brave, as well as shields and banners. [1] Thus, the late 13th century Wijnbergen armorial ... The Germans of Romania (or Romanian-Germans) are not a single, unitary, homogeneous group, but rather a series of various regional sub-groups, each with their different culture, traditions, folklore, dialect or dialects, and history. [6]The Balkan Wars and World War I. After the 1907 peasant uprising, foreign events shaped Romania's political agenda. In 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia, a clear indication that Vienna sought to destroy Serbia. A year later Ionel Bratianu, son of the former Liberal Party leader, became Romania's prime minister.UniCredit will pay €300mn in cash for Alpha Bank’s Romanian operations and will merge them with its local subsidiary. Alpha Bank will retain close to 10 per cent of the …The Romanian Air Force (RoAF) (Romanian: Forțele Aeriene Române) is the air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces. It has an air force headquarters, an operational command, five airbases and an air defense brigade. Reserve forces include one air base and three airfields. In 2022, the Romanian Air Force employed 11,700 personnel.7 Haz 2019 ... Angry Romanian nationalists broke into a Hungarian WW1 memorial site in Úzvölgye, Romania. First, they were battling the Romanian ...Romania - Transylvania, Romanians, History: Outside the principalities lay Transylvania, whose government and economy were dominated in the countryside by the Calvinist and Roman Catholic Hungarian nobility and in the cities by the Lutheran German-speaking Saxon upper class. A large Romanian population lived there also, but Romanians were excluded from public affairs and privileges because ...Romania in the First World War: The Pre-War Crisis, 1912-1914 BARBARA JELAVICH the year from the conclusion of the treaty of Bucharest in August 191 3 until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Romania's diplomatic position was stronger than it had been in any recent period.1 After a victorious 'war Table of Contents. Romania - Transylvania, Carpathians, Danube: World War I proved decisive in the development of modern Romania. In 1916 the country entered the war on the Allied side in return for French and British promises of territory (in particular Transylvania) and a steady supply of war matériel through Russia. Battle of Mărășești. Major awards and honors: Honorary member of the Romanian Academy. Order of Michael the Brave. Michael I of Romania. (1921–2017) Marshal of Romania [2] 1941 – honorary title awarded by Ion Antonescu. King of Romania from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930, and 6 September 1940 to 30 December 1947. Yesterday I was fortunate to find a very interesting pre-WW1 Romania soldiers’ photo at a flea market in Bucharest. It is a rare find that makes a great uniform study piece for the pre to early World War One Romanian Army period. The piece dates to the second Balkan war in 1913. The war was short and Romania joined in a little later than the ...There were various reasons why people, especially young men, chose to join the army during the first world war, including feelings of patriotism, a desire for adventure and other motives. Many young men saw joining the army as an opportunit...Born 20 April 1839 in Sigmaringen, Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Died 10 October 1914 in Sinaia, Romania. For three decades Romania’s foreign policy depended almost entirely upon King Carol I’s will. The secret alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary was his sole political project. His death, which occurred shortly after the ...Romanian infantryman dummy Commonwealth, World War One, Japan, Kemp, Ww1. WW1 Romania Pictures, WW1 Romania Images, WW1 Romania Photos, WW1 Romania Videos ...The equivalent of the phrase “happy birthday” in Romanian is “la mulţi ani.” However, the literal meanings of the two phrases are very different, with the Romanian version meaning, “may you live for many years!”The Romanian Land Forces (Romanian: Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. Since 2007, full professionalization and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Land Forces. The Romanian Land Forces was founded on 24 November [O.S. 12 November] 1859. ww1. WW1. The Austrian Steyr M1912 designed by K. Krnka was the ordnance sidearm of the Royal Romanian Army during ww1. lenght 216 mm – weight 1200 g - cal 9x23 mm Steyr. The CSRC was a very cheap weapon, quick to be built, during WWI they were producted. 260,000 Chauchat. In the mature stage of the war each French infantry.World War 1, also known as the Great War, was one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. It lasted from 1914 to 1918 and took the lives of millions of people. Among those who paid the ultimate sacrifice were soldiers from all over the...Romanian campaign in Transylvania, August 1916. On the night of 27 August 1916, three Romanian armies started the attack by crossing the Southern Carpathians and entering Transylvania. The first attacks were paved with success, forcing the Austro-Hungarians to retreat.UniCredit will pay €300mn in cash for Alpha Bank’s Romanian operations and will merge them with its local subsidiary. Alpha Bank will retain close to 10 per cent of the …On 27 July 2023, the United States Department of State approved a possible sale of 21 AAV-7A1 vehicles in three configurations to Romania. This sale includes M2 Browning heavy machine guns, M240 machine guns, Mk 19 grenade launchers, M36E T1 Thermal Sighting Systems, as well as other related elements and logistical support.Romanian POWs had the greatest mortality rate per 1,000 prisoners of all prisoners of war in Germany, while the Serbs fell above the average rate (see Table 1). Among Romanian prisoners in Germany, 5,869 died from pneumonia (an annual mortality rate of 23.1 per 1,000), while 337 Serbs died from the same illness (an annual rate of 5.4 per 1,000 ...August 18, 2023. 0. 1435. - Advertisement -. The Romanian campaign was one of the major campaigns of the First World War, in which the Romanian and Russian armies confronted the armies of the Central Powers. The entry of the Kingdom of Romania into the war on the side of the Entente in August 1916 did not strengthen the alliance.The Hungarian-Romanian War was fought between Hungary and Romania from 13 November 1918 to 3 August 1919. The conflict had a complex background, with often contradictory motivations for the parties involved. After the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian WW1 army by the pacifist Hungarian prime minister Count Mihály Károlyi, the Allies of World War I intended for Romania's Army ...In WW1, Romania delayed entering the war for 2 years and negotiated extensively with both sides. After being forced, through an ultimatum, Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary. Over the next few months, Central Powers forces occupied nearly 2/3 of Romania's territory, prompting Romanian-German negotiations, which resulted in the Treaty of ...ww1 has an average to good trust score. Why? It seems that ww1.identitfyforce.com is legit and safe to use and not a scam website. The review of ww1.identitfyforce.com is positive. The positive trust score is based on an automated analysis of 40 different data sources we checked online such as the technology used, the location of the company, other websites found on the same web server, etcetera.The Romanian campaign was part of the Balkan theatre of World War I, with Romania and Russia allied against the armies of the Central Powers.The Hungarian-Romanian War was fought between Hungary and Romania from 13 November 1918 to 3 August 1919. The conflict had a complex background, with often contradictory motivations for the parties involved. After the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian WW1 army by the pacifist Hungarian prime minister Count Mihály Károlyi, the Allies of World War I intended for Romania's Army ...Roumania in 1914 Now Romania Home > First World War > A global view > Europe > Roumania Overview The outbreak of war and neutrality Entry into the war Military defeat and peace Key documents...On 27 July 2023, the United States Department of State approved a possible …On 27 August 1916, Romania entered World War I on the side of the Allies and launched an invasion into the disputed province of Transylvania within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. …MINIATURE INTER ALLIED VICTORY MEDAL ROMANIA THE IDEA OF AN INTER-ALLIED MEDAL TO COMMEMORATE VICTORY IN WHAT WAS TERMED THE GREAT WAR FOR.The territorial evolution of Romania ( Romanian: Evoluția teritorială a României) includes all the changes in the country's borders from its formation to the present day. The precedents of Romania as an independent state can be traced back to the 14th century, when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were founded. Romania entered WW1, in August 1916, on the side of the Allies (France, the UK, the Russian Empire). Its goal was to free Transylvania from the Austrian- ...The Germans of Romania (or Romanian-Germans) are not a single, unitary, homogeneous group, but rather a series of various regional sub-groups, each with their different culture, traditions, folklore, dialect or dialects, and history. [6] Interest in WW1 has never been greater- for history fans there are new books every year. Alas the vast majority (at least in English) focus only on the Western Front, with the occasional treatment of the Gallipoli campaign. This new book tells the little-known story of Romania's ill-fated bid to expand its borders by joining the Entente in 1916.21 February – 5 April 1907. 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt. Romanian Land Forces. Romanian Gendarmerie. Uprising peasants. Victory. Crushing of the rebellion. 10 dead and 5 wounded (military) 3,000 civilian casualties.After a series of negotiations with the Entente, Romania declared war on the Central Powers and invaded the Austro-Hungarian province of Transylvania.These are the current Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia. The same ranks and basic insignia are used in the other militarised institutions. They differ in color and branch insignia: Gendarmerie Firefighters General Inspectorate of Aviation Intelligence Service Foreign Intelligence Service Protection and Guard Service Special Telecommunications Service The colors depend on the service ...Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, beginning World War I. August 2-7, 1914. Germany invades Luxembourg and Belgium. France invades Alsace. British forces ...Nov 9, 2017 · Prior to World War I, the infantry armament of the Romanian Army endowed: 474,036 rifles, 39,231 carbines, 413 machine guns and 61,189 pistols and revolvers, of a great variety of types and sizes, which would negatively influence both the quality of troop training and the supply with ammunition during the war. Here is a list of the infantry ...

Independence and Kingdom of Romania. Timeline of the borders of Romania between 1859 and 2010. In an 1866 coup d'état, Cuza was exiled and replaced with Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He was appointed Domnitor, Ruling Prince of the United Principality of Romania, as Prince Carol of Romania.. Steven freedman

romanian ww1

cartouche1966 sells an item at a starting price of €21.00 until Saturday, 28 October 2023 at 20:19:00 CEST in the Decorative Weapons category on DelcampeFirst Battle of Petrozsény.jpg 1,246 × 693; 349 KB. Flămânda Offensive map.jpg 700 × 320; 50 KB. Hand-drawn map of Romania in World War I.jpg 6,913 × 8,478; 8.11 MB. Hand-drawn map of the Romanian Campaign of World War I in 1916.jpg 10,817 × 10,756; 21.99 MB. Harta ambuscada Agas octombrie 1916.png 895 × 584; 359 KB.The colors of the national flag of Romania ( Romanian: Drapelul României) has a long history, though the association of the three colors only dates to the 18th century. Red, yellow and blue were found on late 16th-century royal grants of Michael the Brave, as well as shields and banners. [1] Thus, the late 13th century Wijnbergen armorial ... 5-round en bloc clip, integral box magazine. The Mannlicher M1893 (or M93) is a bolt-action rifle that was the standard service rifle of the Kingdom of Romania from 1893 to 1938. [1] The rifle and its 1892 predecessor were the first repeating rifles to be widely issued in the Romanian military. [2] It was later replaced by the Czechoslovak ...25 Eki 2018 ... U.S. Soldiers and Romanian service members stand together during a World War I remembrance ceremony at Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base, Romania ...Romania entered WW1, in August 1916, on the side of the Allies (France, the UK, the Russian Empire). Its goal was to free Transylvania from the Austrian-Hungarian oppressive rule. Despite its late entry into the war, the first months were disastrous for the military Romanian history. Women in World War I. Women in World War I were mobilized in unprecedented numbers on all sides. The vast majority of these women were drafted into the civilian work force to replace conscripted men or to work in greatly expanded munitions factories. Thousands served in the military in support roles, and in some countries many saw combat as well.Jul 9, 2019 · Romania was an ally of Austria-Hungary before WW1 and was obliged by a secret treaty to go to war in case Austria Hungary was attacked. However Romania, like Italy, stayed neutral when war broke out in 1914 citing that Austria Hungary was the aggressor . Treaty of Bucharest (1918) The Treaty of Bucharest (1918) was a peace treaty between Romania and the opposing Central Powers following the stalemate reached after the campaign of 1917. This left Romania isolated after Russia's unilateral exit from World War I (see the Armistice of Focșani and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ).Led by Antonescu, Romania participated fully in the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Within days of the invasion, Romanian authorities staged a pogrom against the Jewish population in the city of Iasi, the regional capital of Moldavia. Romanian police officials shot hundreds of Jews in the courtyard of police headquarters.The Romanian royal family ( Romanian: Familia regală a României) was the ruling dynasty of the Kingdom of Romania, a constitutional monarchy in Central-Eastern Europe. The kingdom existed from 1881, when Carol I of Romania was proclaimed king, until 1947, when the last king, Michael I of Romania, was forced to abdicate and the Parliament ...Mar 6, 2007 · YAN wrote:Victor, I have been made aware of a site concerning Bulgarian WW1 artillery, the site was made known to me by Adolpheit, it has a great range of guns and howitzers used in the Great War, I noticed that the Bulgarians used the following, 105mm L/16 Krupp M.1898 Howitzer 105mm L/16 Krupp M.1909 Howitzer 120mm L/11 Krupp m.1891 Howitzer The territorial evolution of Romania ( Romanian: Evoluția teritorială a României) includes all the changes in the country's borders from its formation to the present day. The precedents of Romania as an independent state can be traced back to the 14th century, when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were founded.In WW1, Romania delayed entering the war for 2 years and negotiated extensively with both sides. After being forced, through an ultimatum, Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary. Over the next few months, Central Powers forces occupied nearly 2/3 of Romania's territory, prompting Romanian-German negotiations, which resulted in the Treaty of ... Jul 9, 2019 · Romania was an ally of Austria-Hungary before WW1 and was obliged by a secret treaty to go to war in case Austria Hungary was attacked. However Romania, like Italy, stayed neutral when war broke out in 1914 citing that Austria Hungary was the aggressor . During WW1, Romanian officers above the rank of major were authorized to wear eye shadow into battle. Image. 9:20 AM · Nov 14, 2020 · 32. Reposts.1 Introduction 2 Romania before World War I 3 Austria-Hungary’s Romanian Question 4 Romania during the War (1914-1916) 5 Romania’s Attack on Austria-Hungary 6 The Counter-Attack of the Central Powers 7 The Occupied Part of Romania 8 The Unoccupied Part of Romania 9 Romania at the End of the War (1918-1920) 10 Conclusion Notes Selected BibliographyThe massive counter-attack launched by German, Austrian-Hungarian and Bulgarian troops pushed the Romanian armed forces on to the defensive. By the end of 1916, more than half of Romania, including the main city, Bucharest, was in the hands of the Central Powers. King Ferdinand, who had been regent of the Balkans since 1914, had to escape to ....

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